The Indus 200000 Valley Desert lies between two major rivers in the region, the Chenab and the Indus. Camels, nicknamed ships of the desert, are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent.People and the DesertAbout 1 billion people live in deserts. It has deserts, coastal areas, mountains, and plateaus. However, some birds, such as the roadrunner, have adapted to life in the desert. Pothohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. The Potwar Plateau (also Potowar or Potohar) is a plateau in the province of Punjab, Pakistan and the western parts of Pakistan administered Kashmir. "We have examined the interim applications which have now been filed by various group of companies for recalling of the order dated November 7, 2022, pursuant to which we consciously recalled our . Agreements that were made in the early 20th century failed to account for Native American water rights. 1) Himalayas are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. Figs, olives, and oranges thrive in desert oases and have been harvested for centuries.Some desert areas rely on resources brought from more fertile areasfood trucked in from distant farmlands or, more frequently, water piped from wetter regions. Almost the entire continent of Antarctica is a polar desert, experiencing little precipitation. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). The thinly populated grasslands support blackbucks, chikara (gazelles), and some feathered game, notably francolins (partridges) and quail. Areas facing reduced precipitation include areas with some of the largest deserts in the world: North Africa (Sahara), the American Southwest (Sonoran and Chihuahuan), the southern Andes (Patagonia), and western Australia (Great Victoria).In literature and in legend, deserts are often described as hostile places to avoid. This is called the urban heat island effect. You'll find plains, deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus. The Sulaiman Mountains dominate the northeast corner, and the Bolan Pass is a natural route into Afghanistan towards Kandahar. . In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth. The amount of annual rainfall in the desert is generally low, ranging from about 4 inches (100 mm) or less in the west to about 20 inches (500 mm) in the east. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the onlysubtropicaldesert of Asia. THREATS TO DESERT ECOSYSTEM OF PAKISTAN Desert areas already experience scarcity of water and due to climate change this problem is exacerbating. The third major desert in Pakistan is the Thal Desert. The city of Phoenix was built on top of the ruins of canals built by the Hohokam people between 500 and 1450 CE. The reason is inadequate management and inappropriate consumption. Shaded relief map shows landscape features, such as mountains, valleys and plateaus. Some geographers designate additional major regions. More than half of the proven oil reserves in the world lie beneath the sands of the Arabian Desert, mostly in Saudi Arabia. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall, sparse vegetation, and wildlife. List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan Cholistan - Rohi Desert Thal Desert Kharan Desert - Sandy Desert Katpana Desert - Cold Desert So let's have a look: 1. Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. Climatologists identify this period as the Green Sahara.Archaeological evidence of past settlements is abundant in the middle of what are arid, unproductive areas of the Sahara today. The desert presents an undulating surface, with high and low sand dunes separated by sandy plains and low barren hills, or bhakars, which rise abruptly from the surrounding plains. The vegetation is equipped to survive the scarcity of rainfall and humidity. Julivert, M. (2003). [7] With little vegetation to block it, the wind can carry sand and dust across entire continents and even oceans. A turban is similar to a kaffiyeh, but wrapped around the head instead of being secured with an agal. They are home to around 1 billion peopleone-sixth of the Earths population.Although the word desert may bring to mind a sea of shifting sand, dunes cover only about 10 percent of the worlds deserts. The water level in the aquifer has sunk as much as 30 meters (100 feet) since the 1950s, while the land above the aquifer has sunk as much as 10 centimeters (4 inches).Rivers sometimes provide water in a desert. The desert hosts an annual jeep rally, which draws many tourists. Similar lush conditions existed as recently as 25,000 years ago. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau. This is an extensive area of 347,190km2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: The desert vegetation is mostly herbaceous or stunted scrub; drought-resistant trees occasionally dot the landscape, especially in the east. A coastal desert may be almost totally rainless, yet damp with fog.The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert. Syllabus: Geography - Physical Geography of the world.. The Thal Desert is located in northeastern Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year.When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights. rocky2142 rocky2142 03.11.2017 Geography Secondary School answered Relief features of the Tharparkar desert 1 See answer Advertisement 4p3' i=w:RUKbo,HnD*eSN$'>;(b]Zh{g9QjbEz)5U]30!\5S\msd=_^hEyf`n'8C( (_n%Jp!OTCibD|zP|Jnb5!7yo>~Rr0O2sP{fgip)r3@l)swH:nmkOK'8l4 0}D States of the Colorado River Basin continue to negotiate today to prepare for population growth, agricultural development, and the possibility of future droughts.Life in the DesertPlants and animals adapt to desert habitats in many ways. Important Deserts in the World PDF- Download PDF Here. In the deserts of the Middle East and Asia, nomadic tent communities continue to flourish. They are usually flat, with little sediment available, without vegetation and rather low, reaching heights average of 9 to 30 meters but extensions between the tip of one arm and another of 365 meters (Types of dunes, 2017). National Geographic Environment: Desert Landscapes. Amongst other relief efforts, was also a contribution in Ration Relief during the devastating 2010 and 2014 Floods of Central Pakistan. The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. They are geographic features of the desert (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 20) that are constructed by the wind (George, 2007, p.195) with soft, uniform layers. Pakistan is situated on the edge of a monsoonal (i.e., wet-dry) system. We use cookies to provide our online service. This is an extensive area of 347,190 km 2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: Basins of Northern Balochistan Basins of Western Balochistan Mountain ranges Coastal areas Salt Range in District Minawali Punjab Pakistan Salt Range [ edit] They have east to west in directionHimalayas, Karakoram. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Dust storms and dust-raising winds, often blowing with velocities of 87 to 93 miles (140 to 150 km) per hour, are common in May and June. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great extremes in the summer; the mean temperature during June is 100 F (38 C) in the plains, where the highest temperatures can exceed 117 F (47 C). Camels are commonly used for transport as well as for plowing the land and other agricultural purposes. They usually shift a few meters a year, but a particularly violent sandstorm can move a dune 20 meters (65 feet) in a single day.Sandstorms may bury everything in their pathrocks, fields, and even towns. Rapidly expanding populations in California, Nevada, and Arizona have compounded the problem. (1) Africa - the Namib and Kalahari deserts of coastal Angola and southwest Africa, interior Botswana and South Africa, and Sahara desert; (2) Asia - Thar deserts of India and Pakistan, Arabian deserts, Iranian desert; (3) South America - Acatama desert of coastal Peru and Chile; (4) Mojave and Arizona deserts of south-western USA; Local desert communities can divert rivers on a smaller scale. 1. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil. Hydrogen molecules in the fat combine with inhaled oxygen to form water. They provide nutritive pasturage as well as medicines used locally by the inhabitants. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms. Indian Relief Features The Great Himalayas The Himalayas are a group of geologically young and structurally fold mountains that extend past the northernmost limits of India. A trail of shark teeth. Madagascar, for instance, is a tropical island in the Indian Ocean. It showcases the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its culture. There are green mountains and dry mountains, land rich for cultivating, and waterfalls. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Tien Shan also has more than 10,100 square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. The roadrunner, native to the deserts of North America, obtains water from its food.Some xerocoles have bodies that help them handle the heat. Which plateau lies between the Aravalis and the Vindhya range? The desert is in the center of a large empty basin. It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. The Kharan Desert is located in Northeast Balochistan (a Pakistani state). Most of the deserts inhabitants reside in rural areas and are distributed in varying densities. Answer: Malwa Plateau. A kaffiyeh is a rectangular piece of cloth folded loosely around the head to protect the wearer from sun exposure, dust, and sand. High 59F. Plants grow, bloom, produce new seeds, and die, often in a short span of time. Throughout the Middle East, communities have dug artificial wadis, where freshwater can flow during rainy seasons. The Aswan Dam harnesses the power of the Nile for hydroelectricity used in industry. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the only subtropical desert of Asia. Elephants, gazelles, rhinos, giraffes, and people used stream-fed pools and lakes.There were three or four other moist periods in the Sahara. Although temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures inside did not. [7] Was language promoted more than any other language[14] Why urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan. Answer: I. Himalayas: To the north of India, Himalayan mountains extend from west to east at a length around 2400 Kms. Trees and other vegetation are being planted to break the force of the wind and to hold the soil. The Muslim League and Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Political decline and bureaucratic ascendancy, The first administration of Benazir Bhutto, The second administration of Benazir Bhutto, The second administration of Nawaz Sharif, Continuing challenges: conflict, a stalled economy, and nuclear tests, Growing unrest, tension with the military, and Sharifs ouster, Relations with the United States, consolidation of Musharrafs rule, and meetings with India, U.S. drone strikes, floods of 2010, and religious tensions, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. It can be folded and unfolded to cover the mouth, nose, and eyes. Much of Pakistan's land area comprises either deserts or mountains. Deals with transport and accommodation issues. In Pakistan, it spreads over Punjab and Sindh starting fromTharparkar Districtin the east. During a sudden storm, water scours the dry, hard-baked land, gathering sand, rocks, and other loose material as it flows. The soils consist of several main groupsdesert soils, red desertic soils, sierozems (brownish gray soils), the red and yellow soils of the foothills, the saline soils of the depressions, and the lithosols (shallow weathered soils) and regosols (soft loose soils) found in the hills. For example, increasing temperatures lead to the loss of nitrogen, an important nutrient, from the soil. ]H5!v! =V.jTLbd 4wQ$6t\Gt%5W;5&Yd1WZ@$ b. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms.Deserts are found on every continent and cover about one-fifth of Earths land area. This type of dune has more than two crests (usually 3 or 4) that resemble the arms of a star, which are united in a central point whose height can ascend to 90 meters (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. Katpana desert is also known as The Cold desert. The booming desert communities of Las Vegas, Nevada, and Californias Inland Empire are using water faster than the aquifer is being refilled. [1] Apart from the rural settlements, the majority of nomads earn their livelihood from livestock as they breed animals to be sold, milked and shorn for their wool. In stark contrast to its arid desert landscape, the desert is home Dodhla Forest, one of Pakistans most well-protected rainforest. Spas ring the Dead Sea, a saline lake in the Judean Desert of Israel and Jordan. Temperatures can drop to 4C (40F) or lower.In the Chihuahuan Desert, in the United States and Mexico, temperatures can vary by dozens of degrees in one day. The area is mostly deserted and consists of barren tracts of sand dunes covered with thorny bushes. The descending air hinders the formation of clouds, so very little rain falls on the land below.The worlds largest hot desert, the Sahara, is a subtropical desert in northern Africa. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. Nanoclay keeps the sand moist, clumping it together and preventing it from blowing away.Deserts Get HotterRising temperatures can have huge effects on fragile desert ecosystems. This lovely fact file will introduce the size and scale of deserts across the world and help children understand the importance of these often mysterious habitats. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Between the moist periods came periods of dryness much like todays.The Sahara is not the only desert to have dramatic climate change. Potwar Plateau and Salt Range 5. Plains: The plains here are famous for their fertility and high agricultural production. However, as the season of harvest gets over, the roots of the crops die off, returning the desert to its actual state of naked emptiness. The surface of the desert is a wild maze of sand dunes and sand ridges. These funds, he said, are yet to be accounted for publicly. The important of various relief features like Himalayas,plains,deserts,coastal plains etc are of greater importance as under: They influence the climate in various ways. Such a surface is called a desert flat or llano. This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin, which have negotiated for many years over the division of the rivers water. There are five major breeds of cattle in the Thar. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . The Western Mountains 3. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming.In deserts, temperatures are rising even faster than the global average. A jackrabbits long ears contain blood vessels that release heat. The air then cools and forms clouds that drop moisture on the windward (wind-facing) slopes. They look like tiny tornadoes, but they start on the ground rather than in the sky. Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world that has all regions. 10th Class Social 1st Lesson India: Relief Features 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Strongly alkaline soils are localized in some small patches. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph.. Tonight People, animals, and plants all surround these oases, which provide stable access to water, food, and shelter.When groundwater doesnt seep to the surface, people often drill into the ground to get to it. Desertification usually happens in semi-arid areas that border deserts.Human activities are a primary cause of desertification. Updates? If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Much of the coastal region is arid desert with sand dunes and large volcanic mountainous features. 'y~q4[{z#u!! Archaeologists in the Sahara have been unsuccessfully looking for the Lost Army of Cambyses ever since.Water in the DesertRain is usually the main source of water in a desert, but it falls very rarely. The Sindh. Relief and natural regions. The surface is made up of aeolian (wind-deposited) sand that has accumulated over 1.8 million years. Tilla Jogian, second highest peak in Potwar Besides, Thal, . Between 1958 and 1971, the government of Egypt constructed a massive dam on the Upper Nile (the southern part of the river, near Egypts border with Sudan). Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. Along the coastal strip, the climate is modified by sea breezes. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A desert tortoises thick shell insulates the animal and reduces water loss. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Mayo, Khewra Salt Mine, Warcha and Kalabagh, which yield vast supplies of salt. In the desert, all these stomata would quickly dry out a plant. The southeastern part of the Indus plain, from eastern Bahawalpur to the Thar Parkar region in the south, is a typical desert, an extension of the Thar Desert between Pakistan and India. Thar Desert, also called Great Indian Desert, arid region of rolling sand hills on the Indian subcontinent. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. Pakistan has two major river dams: the Tarbela Dam on the Indus River, near the early Buddhist site at Taxila, and the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum River, where Punjab borders Azad Kashmir, built as part of the Indus Basin Project. They are accumulations of abundant sand, null or dispersed vegetation and predominantly uniform winds that mold long crests separated by depressions and oriented at right angles obeying the strongest wind current. It is bordered by the irrigated Indus River plain to the west, the Punjab Plain to the north and northeast, the Aravalli Range to the southeast, and the Rann of Kachchh to the south. Antarctica boasts the lowest official temperature recorded on Earth: -89.2 C (-128.6 F), recorded on July 21, 1983. The name Thar is derived from thul, the general term for the regions sand ridges. May and June are the hottest months of the year, with temperatures rising to 122 F (50 C). These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. This can reduce the already limited plant life in deserts.Climate change also affects rainfall patterns. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History. Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. Regional descriptions. In the 1930s, parts of the Great Plains of North America became the Dust Bowl through a combination of drought and poor farming practices. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Thar-Desert, World Wildlife Fund - Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan, Academia - A study on the geology of Thar Desert. Millions of people had to leave their farms and seek a living in other parts of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem. It has height up to of 4712 metres. As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features The plains of the desert are extensions of flat earth that generally appear corrugated by causes of the dunes that are formed on her. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. In the Indian part of the desert, a second line goes from Merta Road to Suratgarh via Bikaner, and another connects Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed. The Brandberg, loftiest summit in Namibia, looms as a granite island from Namib Desert flats, for example. The deserts of Patagonia, the largest in South America, are expanding due to desertification. TheCold Desertis a high-altitude desert located nearSkardu, inPakistans northernGilgit-Baltistanregion. It isn't the hottest place on Earth, though. Mountain soils are both residual (i.e., formed in a stationary position) and transported. It has also spread into India. They sleep through the hot days and do their hunting and foraging at night. The Himalayan region - The peninsular plateau: 2. The Supreme Court on Tuesday refused to entertain Delhi Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia's plea challenging his arrest in connection with the excise policy case. In India, it covers about 320,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi), of which 60% is in Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat , Punjab, an d Haryana. The name "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "chol," meaning "desert," though the desert is locally known as Rohi. Most of the Sindh Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River near Kalabagh in 1946. What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture? Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. These spinning columns of dirt can rise hundreds of feet in the air. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Tien Shan also has more than 10,100 square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. Answer: Bhabar Terai Bhangar Khadar Question 24. Insects such as moths and flies are abundant in the desert. The 20-inch (500-mm) precipitation line, which runs northwest from near Lahore, marks off the Potwar Plateau and a part of the Indus plain in the northeast; these areas receive enough rainfall for dry farming (farming without irrigation). These features differ from those of wetter regions, which are often gently rounded by regular rainfall and softened by lush vegetation.Water helps carve desert lands. Kaffiyehs are secured around the head with a cord called an agal. Aquifers take a long time to refill. So desert plants typically have tiny, waxy leaves. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m [1]. It is geographically the largest of Pakistan's four provinces, at 347,190km2 or 134,051 square miles, and composes 48% of the total land area of Pakistan. It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Desert parks, such as Death Valley National Park, California, attract thousands of visitors every year. It has are mountains, desert areas, snowy areas and plain lands too. Between these ranges of the Himalayas is an area the people of Central and South Asia consider to be the roof of the world. Sandy desert soils cover the Cholistan part of Sindh Sagar Doab and western Balochistan. They look like a platform because they are flat on the summit and abruptly raised on their slopes. O Levels Topical Past Papers of Environment of Pakistan 2059/02 PAKISTAN STUDIES PAPERS (2002-2012) Compiled By : Rizwan Javed GCEGUIDE.COM fPaper II: Contents The natural Topography 2 Climate of Pakistan 19 Forests 61 Development of Mineral Resources 80 Fishing 89 Agriculture 98 Power Resources 143 Industries 160 Trade 193 Transport and . Clothing is versatile and based on robes made of rectangles of fabric. The region surrounding Quetta is highly prone to earthquakes. Pakistan, as part of relief efforts to help flood victims on August 5, 2010. On Earth, though form water typically have tiny, waxy leaves their farms and seek living. 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Articles R
